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- CULTURES, Page 50COVER STORIESALEUTIAN ISLANDSResurrecting a Wondrous Craft
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- George Dyson has set himself a task even more difficult than
- preserving the wisdom of a vanishing culture: reviving an art
- that is already lost. The son of a Princeton physicist, Dyson,
- 38, was fascinated by 18th century accounts of Aleutian
- kayakers, who were said to have sustained speeds of 10 knots on
- the open ocean in their 15-ft. to 30-ft. craft, defying the
- apparent limits imposed by the length of the boat and human
- endurance. For two decades, Dyson, a self-taught boatbuilder,
- has worked to rediscover the technological secrets of these
- fabled vessels, or baidarkas, as Russian colonists called them.
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- For more than 5,000 years, Aleut Indians plied the islands
- off Alaska in craft made of animal skins and bone. Over time
- these craft diverged in design from other kayaks. They evolved
- curiously split bows, sterns that were wide at the top but
- V-shaped at the bottom, and bone joints that made the vessels
- 100 times as flexible as modern boats. The Aleuts became shaped
- to the demands of kayaking vast distances, developing huge upper
- bodies from relentless paddling and bowed legs that allowed them
- to sit confined for hours. By the time the Russians arrived in
- pursuit of sea-otter pelts in 1741, the Aleuts had established a
- marriage of man and technology near perfect for hunting sea
- mammals.
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- The baidarka changed markedly under the influence of the
- Russians and then began to disappear with the end of the
- sea-otter hunts in the last century. After World War II, the
- Aleuts switched to motor-powered craft. In his efforts to
- reconstruct the original kayaks, Dyson, based in Bellingham,
- Wash., relies on early accounts of explorers and sea captains.
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- The most intriguing elements of baidarka design are those
- that show the Aleuts' rejection of typical kayak forms in favor
- of a distinctive approach. Dyson speculates that the forked bow
- prevents the boat from submarining in waves. It also gives the
- kayak the speed advantage of a longer, slenderer craft, and may
- set up a wave that counteracts the drag-inducing bow wave of
- ordinary designs. The oddly configured stern may help the kayak
- make the transition from a vessel that pushes through the water
- to one that planes on top of the water.
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- Dyson believes that the baidarka will have a robust
- future, influencing the shape of modern sport kayaks. Physicist
- Francis Clauser designed a forked-bow craft for a syndicate in
- the 1986-87 America's Cup race. Dyson still speaks of the genius
- of the Aleut kayak builders with reverence: "Modern science has
- recognized all the elements that went into the baidarka, but
- nobody put them together to achieve a synthesis the way the
- Aleuts did."
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